Person Page - 1324

     4th Baron Latimer.

     Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby (c. 1291 - 5 August 1367) was an English aristocrat, son of Ralph Neville, 1st Baron Neville de Raby and Euphemia de Clavering.[1]

Neville led the English forces to victory against the Scottish king David II of Scotland at the Battle of Neville's Cross on 17 October 1346.[1]

He married Alice de Audley on 14 January 1326 with whom he had thirteen children, John, Margaret (who married Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland), Euphemia, Ralph, Robert, William, Eleanor, Catherine, Alexander, Elizabeth, Isabel, Thomas and Alice.[1]¹

     1st Baron Neville de Raby.

     Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland (10 November 1341 – 20 February 1408), was the son of Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy and a descendent of Henry III of England. His mother was Mary of Lancaster, daughter of Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, son of Edmund, Earl of Leicester and Lancaster, who was the son of Henry III. Henry Percy married Margaret Neville, daughter of Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby and Alice de Audley. They were the parents of Henry "Harry Hotspur" Percy.[2]

Contents [hide]
1 Life
2 In literature and media
3 Ancestry
4 References
5 Further reading


[edit] Life
Henry Percy was originally a follower of Edward III of England, for whom he held high offices in the administration of northern England. He went on to support King Richard II. He was given the title of Marshal of England and created an Earl at Richard's coronation (1377). But, after Richard II created his chief rival, Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland in 1399, he switched to the side of Henry Bolingbroke (later, Henry IV)


Alnwick Castle, held by Henry Percy, birthplace of his son Henry "Harry Hotspur" PercyOn King Henry IV's coronation he was appointed Constable of England and granted the lordship of the Isle of Man. Percy and his son, Henry Percy, known as "Hotspur", were given the task of subduing the rebellion of Owain Glyndwr, but their attempts to make peace with the Welsh rebels did not meet with the king's approval. In 1403 the Percys turned against Henry IV in favour of Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, and then conspired with Owain Glyndwr against King Henry.

The Percy rebellion failed at the Battle of Shrewsbury, where Hotspur was killed. Since the earl did not directly participate in the rebellion, he was not convicted of treason. However, he lost his office as Constable. In 1405 Percy supported Richard le Scrope, Archbishop of York, in another rebellion, after which Percy fled to Scotland, and his estates were confiscated by the King.

In 1408 Percy invaded England in rebellion once more and was killed at the Battle of Bramham Moor. Percy's severed head was subsequently put on display at London Bridge.¹

     Mary of Lancaster, Baroness Percy (1320 - 1 September, 1362), sometimes referred to as Mary Plantagenet, was the youngest surviving child of Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster by his wife Maud Chaworth. Through her father, she was a great granddaughter of Henry III of England.[1]

Mary was a sister of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, Maud, Countess of Ulster, Joan, Baroness de Mowbray, and Eleanor, Countess of Arundel. Through her brother Henry, she was the aunt of Blanche of Lancaster, first wife of John of Gaunt and mother of Henry IV of England.

In September 1334 at Tutbury Castle, she married Henry Percy, 3rd Baron of Alnwick.[2] They had the following surviving issue:

Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland (10 November 1341-20 February 1408) married firstly Margaret Neville and secondly Maud, Baroness Lucy.
Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester (1344-1403).
Mary, Baroness Ros (born 1360) married John, Baron Ros of Helmsley.

Mary died at Alnwick, Northumberland, England on 1 September, 1362. Her husband Henry would marry a second time to Joan Orreby, daughter and heiress of John, 2nd Lord Orreby.

     3rd Baron of Alnwick.

     Hugh de Audley (ca. 1250 – ca. 1336) was a member of the Audley-Stanley family and the father of Hugh de Audley, 1st Earl of Gloucester.

He was born in Audley in the English County of Staffordshire, the son of James of Aldithley (born c. 1225 in Audley, Staffordshire) and Ela Longspee (daughter of William II Longespee, and his great great grandfather was therefore Henry II, King of England.

He married Isolda de Mortimer, the daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer, and had 3 children.

     Henry de Percy, 9th Baron Percy and 2nd Baron of Alnwick, (1299-1352), was the son of Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Alnwick, and Eleanor Fitzalan, daughter of John Fitzalan III.

Henry was sixteen when his father died, so the Barony was placed in the custody of John de Felton.[1]

In 1316 he was granted the lands of Patrick IV, Earl of March, in Northumberland, by Edward II.[2] In 1322, was made governor of Pickering Castle and of the town and castle of Scarborough and was later knighted at York.[3] Henry joined with other barons to remove the Despensers, who were favorites of Edward II.

Following a disastrous war with the Scots, Henry was empowered along with William Zouche to negotiate the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton.[4] This was an unpopular treaty and peace between England and Scotland lasted only five years.

Was appointed to Edward III's Kings Council in 1327 and was given the manor and castle of Skipton. Was granted, by Edward III, the castle and barony of Warkwroth in 1328. He was at the siege of Dunbar and the battle of Halidon Hill and was subsequently appointed constable of Berwick. In 1346, Henry commanded the right wing of the English, at the Battle of Neville's Cross.[5]

Married Idonia, daughter of Robert Lord Clifford,[6] and had five children;

Henry, b.1320, succeeded his father as 3rd Baron Percy of Alnwick
Thomas
Roger
Maud Percy
Eleanor Percy, married John FitzWalter
In 1329, he founded a chantry, to celebrate divine service for his soul.[7]¹

     Henry de Percy, 8th Baron Percy (1st creation) and 1st Baron Percy of Alnwick, (1273-1314), was the son of Henry de Percy, 7th Baron Percy and Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of Earl Warenne and Alice de Lusignan, half sister of Henry III.[1]

He fought under King Edward I in Wales and Scotland and was granted extensive estates in Scotland, which were later retaken by the Scots under Robert Bruce. He added Alnwick to the family estates in England, founding a dynasty of northern warlords. He rebelled against King Edward II over the issue of Piers Gaveston and was imprisoned for a few months. After his release he declined to fight under Edward II at the Battle of Bannockburn, remaining at Alnwick, where he died a few months later aged forty one. He married Eleanor, daughter of the Earl of Arundel and was succeeded by his son Henry.

Henry was born at Petworth on 25 March 1273, seven months after his father's death, saving the family line from extinction, as two older brothers had died in infancy, and all six uncles had died without leaving any legitimate heir. He was fortunate in having the powerful Earl Warenne as his maternal grandfather.¹

     Hugh X of Lusignan, Hugh V of La Marche or Hugh I of Angoulême or Hugues X & V & I de Lusignan (c. 1183[1] or c. 1195 – c. 5 June 1249, Angoulême) succeeded his father Hugh IX as Seigneur de Lusignan and Count of La Marche in November, 1219 and was Count of Angoulême by marriage.

It is unclear whether it was Hugh IX or Hugh X who was betrothed to Isabella of Angoulême when, in 1200, King John of England took her for his Queen, an action which resulted in the entire de Lusignan family rebelling against the English king.

Following John's death, Isabella returned to France. By his marriage to Isabelle d'Angoulême (1186 – Fontrevault Abbey, France, 31 May 1246 and buried there) in 10 March - 22 May 1220, Hugh X also became Count of Angoulême, until her death in 1246. Together they founded the abbey of Valence. They had nine children:

Hugues XI & III & II de Lusignan, Seigneur de Lusignan, Count of La Marche and Count of Angoulême (1221–1250)
Aymer de Lusignan, Bishop of Winchester c. 1250 (c. 1222 – Paris, 5 December 1260 and buried there)
Agnés/Agathe de Lusignan (c. 1223 – aft. 7 April 1269), married Guillaume II de Chauvigny, Seigneur de Chateauroux (1224 – Palermo, 3 January 1271)
Alice le Brun de Lusignan (1224 – at childbirth 9 February 1256), married 1247 John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey
Guy de Lusignan (d. 1264), Seigneur de Couhe, de Cognac et d'Archiac in 1249, killed at the Battle of Lewes. (Tufton Beamish maintains that he escaped to France after the Battle of Lewes and died there in 1269)
Geoffroi de Lusignan (d. 1274), Seigneur de Jarnac, married secondly in 1259 Jeanne de Châtellerault, Viscountess of Châtellerault (d. 16 May 1315) and had issue:
Eustachie de Lusignan (d. Carthage, Tunisia, 1270), married 1257 Dreux III de Mello (d. 1310)
William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke (d. 1296)
Marguerite de Lusignan (c. 1226/1228 – 1288), married firstly 1240/1241 Raymond VII of Toulouse (1197 – 1249), married secondly c. 1246 Aimery IX de Thouars, Viscount of Thouars (d. 1256), and married thirdly Geoffrey V de Chateaubriant, Seigneur de Chateubriant
Isabelle de Lusignan (1234 – 14 January 1299), Dame de Beauvoir-sur-Mer et de Mercillac, married firstly Geoffrey de Rancon, Seigneur de Taillebourg, and married secondly c. 1255 Maurice IV de Craon (1224/1239 – soon before 27 May 1250/1277)
Hugh X was succeeded by his eldest son, Hugh XI of Lusignan.

He was buried at Angoulême.¹

     Isabella of Angoulême (French: Isabelle d'Angoulême; 1188[1] – 31 May 1246) was Countess of Angoulême and queen consort of England.

She was the only daughter and heir of Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angoulême, by Alice de Courtenay. Her paternal grandparents were William IV of Angoulême, Count of Angouleme and Marguerite de Turenne. Her maternal grandparents were Pierre de Courtenay and Elizabeth de Courtenay. Her maternal great-grandfather was King Louis VI of France. She became Countess of Angoulême in her own right in 1202, by which time she was already queen of England. Her marriage to King John took place on 24 August 1200, at Bordeaux, a year after he annulled his first marriage to Isabel of Gloucester. Isabella was originally betrothed to Hugh le Brun, Count of Lusignan[2], son of the then Count of La Marche. As a result of John's temerity in taking her as his second wife, King Philip II of France confiscated all of their French lands, and armed conflict ensued.

At the time of her marriage to John, the 12-year-old Isabella was already renowned for her beauty and has sometimes been called the Helen of the Middle Ages by historians. However, her marriage to John cannot be said to have been successful, in part because she was much younger than her husband and had a fiery character to match his.

When John died in 1216, Isabella was still in her twenties. She returned to France and in 1220, proceeded to marry Hugh X of Lusignan Count of La Marche. It is unclear whether it had been Hugh X or his father to whom Isabella had been betrothed before her marriage to King John. By Hugh X, Isabella had nine more children. Their eldest son Hugh XI of Lusignan succeeded his father as Count of La Marche and Count of Angouleme in 1249.

Isabella was accused of plotting against King Louis IX of France in 1244; she fled to Fontevrault Abbey, where she died on 31 May 1246, and was buried there. At her own insistence, she was first buried in the churchyard, as an act of repentance for her many misdeeds. On a visit to Fontevrault, her son King Henry III of England was shocked to find her buried outside the Abbey and ordered her immediately moved inside. She was finally placed beside Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Afterwards, most of her many children, having few prospects in France, set sail for England and the court of Henry, their half-brother.¹

     John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216[1]) was King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death. He acceded to the throne as the younger brother of King Richard I, who died without issue. John was the youngest of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine, and was their second surviving son to ascend the throne; thus, he continued the line of Plantagenet or Angevin kings of England. Prior to his coronation, he was Earl of Cornwall and Gloucester, but this title reverted to the Crown once he became King. John's oldest surviving brother, Richard, became king upon the death of their father in 1189, and John was made Count of Mortain (France). When Richard refused to honour their father's wishes and surrender Aquitaine to him as well, John staged a rebellion. The rebellion failed, and John lost all potential claims to lands in France.

During his lifetime John acquired two epithets. One was "Lackland" (French: Sans Terre), because, as his father's youngest son, he did not inherit land out of his family's holdings, and because as King he lost significant territory to France.[2] The other was "Softsword" signifying his supposed lack of prowess in battle.[3]

Apart from entering popular legend as the enemy of Robin Hood, he is perhaps best-known for having acquiesced – to the barons of English nobility – to seal Magna Carta, a document which limited kingly power in England and which is popularly thought as an early step in the evolution of limited government.¹ The marriage of King John of England and Isabel of Gloucester was annulled in 1199.

     7th Baron Percy.